Decoding the Genes of Generations -Md Mahmudur Rahman

The legacy of independent Bangladesh is upheld by three distinct generations: Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z. Despite their varied upbringings, each generation has relished the fruits of freedom. Generation X, born between 1965 and 1979, were the first to embrace their identity as citizens of an independent nation. In contrast, Generations Y and Z were born in a period where Bangladesh had moved beyond its initial struggles to establish its sovereignty and embarked on a journey of development. The differences in their characteristics, needs, aspirations, and values are apparent, reflecting the diverse contexts in which they were raised. These generational distinctions have significantly influenced the nation’s societal and cultural progress. Notably, Generation Z has emerged as a transformative force, achieving Bangladesh’s second independence through the July Revolution. Their collective efforts have underscored a new era of freedom.

Currently aged between 44 and 57, Generation X occupies a pivotal role in society as the guardians and active contributors to various sectors. Their childhood and adolescence were marked by the trials of a war-torn nation, undergoing reconstruction and grappling with military rule. Their parents, the Boomers, who experienced the struggle for independence firsthand, deeply valued the essence of freedom.

The Boomer generation profoundly grasped the burden of subjugation, and from this realization, they liberated Bangladesh, marking its presence on the global map as an independent nation. Known for their revolutionary and visionary spirit, the Boomers were instrumental in leading and achieving the milestones of Bangladesh’s freedom struggle. Their collective efforts and leadership played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s history and achievements.

Generation X stands out as a unique cohort that has witnessed substantial revolutionary changes throughout their lives. This generation experienced significant political, social, economic, and technological transformations. One of the major challenges they faced was adapting to rapid technological advancements. During their lifetime, they saw a dramatic shift from traditional methods to modern technology, fundamentally altering their way of life. Early on, Generation X members relied on notebooks and pens but have since transitioned to paperless and cashless systems, embracing digital technology and adapting to a new era of efficiency and innovation.

Today, Generation X finds themselves in a golden age of social communication, transitioning from an era without the internet to one dominated by digital connectivity. Initially, they relied on handwritten letters to stay in touch, but now they use video calls. This shift has made technological adaptation a crucial aspect of their lives, compelling them to integrate modern technology into their daily routines. Consequently, the lifestyle of Generation X represents a unique chapter in technological adaptation, reflecting their ability to transition from traditional methods to contemporary, tech-driven ways of living while keeping pace with global changes.

Academic research indicates that this generation is experiencing a vibrant spectrum of social and political transformations. They are the protagonists of a long journey of political and social evolution in Bangladesh. The leadership ideologies of Sheikh Mujib, the allure of Ziaur Rahman’s ideas, and the despotic Ershad’s rule—all unfolded before the eyes of Generation X. Despite ideological shifts in each regime, the country was led by these three parties from 1971 to 2024. This generation, having lived through these changes, is best positioned to evaluate the virtues and flaws of each leader. Studies also reveal that such transformations have led to dissatisfaction in family life and a higher incidence of divorce among this cohort.

Generation Y, also known as Millennials, born between 1980 and 1995, are currently aged 29 to 44. Research indicates that this generation is characterized by a passion for consumerism, a grounded sense of reality, and a positive outlook. They navigate the landscape of change but prefer to do so within established boundaries. Millennials predominantly believe in enacting change from within conventional structures. Analyzing the political context of Bangladesh for this generation aligns with academic findings. They have sought to reorganize themselves within the political frameworks established by previous generations, witnessing the second terms of the Awami League and BNP during their formative years.

Growing up as steadfast proponents of democracy, Millennials have been reluctant to dismantle existing structures to create something entirely new. Enveloped in a sense of security, they have aimed to elevate their lives to the heights of prosperity without instigating significant societal or political upheavals. Consequently, this generation has not been a catalyst for major political or social transformations. Instead, they have excelled in navigating reality and improving their personal lives within the existing framework. Their journey has been quiet yet marked by a subtle success—grounded in realism, they have adeptly enhanced their lives while maintaining the status quo.

Generation Z, or “Gen Z,” comprises individuals born between 1996 and 2012, with its members now 28 years old. This cohort is at the center of much contemporary discourse on social media and beyond, often referred to as ‘Net Gen’ or ‘Zoomers.’ Their lives are deeply intertwined with automation, smart technology, and social media, which have significantly shaped their daily routines. For them, the internet is an indispensable necessity, so much so that they cannot imagine spending even a moment without it.

As the first generation to be introduced to the internet and portable digital devices at a young age, they are known as ‘digital natives.’ This technology is like a second language for them. Gen Z will also bear witness to the impacts of climate change throughout their lives. They are pragmatic and liberal in their outlook, poised to influence future societal norms. Reason and justice are central to their worldview, driving their actions and comforting them in their quest for a better future.

Generation Z, comprising about 36 percent of Bangladesh’s population, is predominantly made up of students and recent graduates. This generation is highly active on the Internet and social media, characterized by their deep connectivity and free-spirited nature. They possess a strong inclination toward independent thinking and fact-finding, making them resilient against misinformation. Spending an average of 6 to 10 hours daily on digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, Gen Z is particularly drawn to social media and video streaming platforms. This constant engagement with digital content ensures they remain well-informed, making it nearly impossible to conceal events or issues from them.

When the Awami League assumed power in 2009, the oldest members of Gen Z were just 12 years old. Consequently, this generation has matured under the governance of a single party. Over the years, from 2009 to 2024, the government’s corruption, irregularities, and authoritarian tendencies have fostered widespread discontent among Gen Z. The absence of democratic voting opportunities and restrictions on free expression have further fueled their long-standing resentment.
As history has often demonstrated, pent-up anger frequently triggers sweeping changes, giving birth to new societies and ways of life. The actions and mindset of Generation Z hint at their potential role as pioneers in reshaping Bangladesh’s social and political framework.

Currently, Generation Z is heralding a transformative period in our society and politics. The events of July and August 2024 have left an indelible mark on the nation’s consciousness. Every young person who took to the streets, sacrificed their lives, and fought for their beliefs embodies the spirit of an Abu Sayed—courageous, unyielding, revolutionary. Since 2018, we have closely observed Generation Z. Our interactions with them, especially during the quota reform movement led by Nurul Haque, have revealed a profound yearning for freedom and social justice among the students.

While the 2018 movement saw significant involvement from Generation Y, who largely led the charge, the government was initially resistant but eventually conceded to the students’ demands. Although there were incidents of governmental repression, the absence of fatalities allowed students to return to their studies. In contrast, Generation Z has taken full command of the 2024 anti-discrimination movement. This movement, while building on previous efforts, highlights Generation Z’s wisdom, leadership, and unwavering commitment to social justice.

A defining trait of Generation Z is their adaptability and insight. From the 2018 movement to the recent revolution in 2024, this generation has demonstrated their ability to drive change through peaceful and non-violent means. Senior government officials, mainly from the Boomer and Generation X cohorts, have failed to grasp the mindset of Generation Z. Instead, they dismissively label them as the ‘TikTok generation,’ revealing a stark lack of prudence.

Examining the various initiatives of the July-August movement, it’s evident that this generation is not only intelligent but also highly organized and interconnected. Generation Z has managed to present their cause in a way that has garnered unwavering support from all age groups. Their biggest challenge now lies in rebuilding the nation.

Research and observations suggest that Generation Z will play a pivotal role in creating a new world order. Their actions herald a new era for the country. They are not just dreamers; they possess the power to actualize these dreams. A new beginning is on the horizon, led by Bangladesh’s Generation Z, guiding us towards a progressive, egalitarian society. Under their stewardship, we will witness a new Bangladesh where the rights and dignity of every citizen are upheld.